[分享]事故案例模拟题1

safety

<div class="Section1" style="LAYOUT-GRID:  15.6pt none;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">事故案例模拟题：某化工厂乌洛托品车间火灾爆炸重大事故</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　某年</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日，某有机化工厂乌洛托品车间因原料不足停产。经集团公司领导同意，厂部研究决定，借停产的机会进行粗甲醇直接加工甲醛的技术改造。</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">时</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">分左右，在精甲醇计量槽溢流管上安焊阀门。精甲醇计量槽</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">直径</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">5m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，高</span><span lang="EN-US">4m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，厚</span><span lang="EN-US">8mm)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">内存甲醇</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">5t</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，约占槽体容积的</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。当时，距溢流管左侧</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">6m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处有一进料管，上端与计量槽上部空间相连，连接法兰没有盲板，下端距地面</span><span lang="EN-US">40cm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处进料阀门被拆除，该管敞口与大气相通。精甲醇计量槽顶部有一阻燃器，在当时</span><span lang="EN-US">35</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">℃气温条件下，槽内甲醇挥发并与空气汇流，极易形成爆炸性混合榭：当对溢流管阀门连接法兰与溢流管对接焊口</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">距进料管敞口上方</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">5m)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">进行焊接时，电焊火花四溅，掉落在进料管敞口处，引燃了甲醇计量槽内的爆炸物。随着一声巨响，计量槽槽体与槽底分开，槽体腾空飞起，落在正西方</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">余米处，槽顶一侧陷入地下</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">2m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。槽内甲醇四溅，形成一片大火，火焰高达</span><span lang="EN-US">15m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。两名焊工当场因爆炸、灼烧致死，在场另有</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">名职工被送往医院，其中</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人抢救无效死亡。在现场救火过程中，一泡沫灭火器底部锈蚀严重而发生爆炸，灭火器简体升空，击中一名操作者的下颌部致死。事故中共有</span><span lang="EN-US">9</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人死亡，</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人受伤。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　根据化工行业安全管理标准的有关规定，企业须按一定比例配备安全管理人员，百人以上车间应设专职安全人员，但该厂未设专门的安全生产管理科室和专职安全生产管理人员，日常的安全生产措施得不到落实；企业未按相关法规的规定对职工进行安全生产教育培训，职工的安全素质普遍较差。例如，容器溢流管上下两头都是法兰螺栓连接，如把两头的螺丝卸下，将溢流管移至非禁火区焊接，将能够避免该事故的发生。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p></div>