[分享]电解化工厂容器爆炸

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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">江苏徐州电解化工厂容器爆炸<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1985</span>年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月<span lang="EN-US">14</span>日<span lang="EN-US">19</span>时<span lang="EN-US">58</span>分　　其它爆炸）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">一、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">事故概况及经过<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1985</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>目<span lang="EN-US">14</span>日<span lang="EN-US">19</span>时<span lang="EN-US">58</span>分，江苏省徐州电解化工厂聚氯乙烯车间压力容器爆炸，死亡<span lang="EN-US">5</span>人，重伤<span lang="EN-US">1</span>人，轻伤<span lang="EN-US">6</span>人，直接经济损失<span lang="EN-US">12</span>．<span lang="EN-US">06</span>万元。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">该厂聚氯乙稀车间共聚工段是生产疏松型聚氯乙烯树脂和氯乙稀、醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的专业化工段。<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月<span lang="EN-US">14</span>日，车间根据厂生产办公室<span lang="EN-US">“</span>生产计划（变更）通知单<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的要求，该工段从即日起生产氯乙烯、醋酸乙烯共聚树脂。共聚工段于<span lang="EN-US">11</span>时左右开始陆续向<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个<span lang="EN-US">7</span>立方米聚合釜投料。中班接班后，<span lang="EN-US"> 11</span>号釜反应结束，<span lang="EN-US">17</span>时加料工滕某按加料通知单程序加料，冷揽拌后开始升温。<span lang="EN-US">19</span>时<span lang="EN-US">40</span>分左右，看釜工李某和滕某等人在操作室听到聚合釜滋气的啸叫后，即向聚合岗位跑去，打开<span lang="EN-US">7</span>、<span lang="EN-US">8</span>、<span lang="EN-US">9</span>三个釜的冷却水旁路阀，打算处理滋气的聚合釜。因氯乙烯单体喷出的浓度大，无法靠近出事现场，几个人全部返回操作室，滕某即用电话向厂调度姚某报告情况，并请求处理措施。当班班长夏某在去厕所的路上听到滋气的啸叫后，迅速跑到操作室向李某询问情况。这时，厂调度程某、车间调度张某等在车间值班室听到聚合釜滋气的啸声后也立即赶到现场，当班班长下楼跑到无离子水工段与李某人抬着梯子爬到二楼平台上，关死该工段蒸气分配合的蒸气总阀。此时，程、张二人取来带氧气的防毒面具，由孙某戴上防毒面具进到聚合岗位打开<span lang="EN-US">10</span>号釜放空阀，孙某出来后，程某布置撤离现场工作，正当现场人员撤离时，干<span lang="EN-US">19</span>时<span lang="EN-US">58</span>分发生爆炸。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">二、事故原因分析<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">该事故是由于<span lang="EN-US">11</span>号人孔盖橡胶密封垫在绞接处被高速气流冲出压紧面，并将密封垫冲开两个间隙分别为<span lang="EN-US">65mm</span>和<span lang="EN-US">75mm</span>，釜内压力超过正常压力，安全阀起跳压力调得过高，<span lang="EN-US">7</span>立方米搪瓷聚合釜人孔盖结构存在一定缺陷。经鉴定：橡胶密封垫质量差，对氯化烃溶剂有显著溶涨，不适用了，导致釜内氯乙烯单体从绞链处的密封垫滋出。并且，一个看釜工同时看三台釜，分工不合理，未能及时发现釜垫被滋。此次事故是静电放电引燃氯乙稀，导致空气爆炸。</span></p>