[分享]液氮罐车爆炸事故

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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">山西祁县液氮罐车爆炸事故<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" year="1972"><span lang="EN-US">1972</span>年<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日<span lang="EN-US">12</span>时</chsdate>　　其它爆炸）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">一、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">事故概况及经过<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" year="1972"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1972</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">年<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日</span></chsdate><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">12</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">时，山西省祁县城赵供销社饭店门前发生了液氮罐车爆炸事故，造成死亡<span lang="EN-US">21</span>人，重伤<span lang="EN-US">56</span>人，轻伤<span lang="EN-US">99</span>人，经济损失<span lang="EN-US">1</span>．<span lang="EN-US">2</span>万元。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1972</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">年<span lang="EN-US">4</span>另<span lang="EN-US">14</span>日晨，高城县化肥厂车队派司机驾驶汽车从清徐化肥厂借氨罐去太原化肥厂灌装液氮。<span lang="EN-US">21</span>时返回本厂未卸氨，于<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日早晨又将该罐液氮送往祁县化肥厂，车到祁县后，又因祁县化肥厂不需要液氮，故又将该液氨拉回高城化肥厂使用。<span lang="EN-US">11</span>时左右，该罐车离开祁县化肥厂向高城县化肥厂返回。<span lang="EN-US">12</span>时<span lang="EN-US">20</span>分，罐车行至祁县城赵供销社饭店附近停车。停车地点恰为商业网点，人群稠密区，饭店门前又是该村的广场，停车后装卸工下车买东西。不久氨罐突然发生爆炸，封头击穿驾驶室飞向前方<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="12" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">12</span>米</chmetcnv>处，罐体向后飞往<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="63" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">63</span>米</chmetcnv>处，罐内<span lang="EN-US">1</span>．<span lang="EN-US">2</span>吨液氨迅速气化，氨雾顿时大面积笼罩现场。当场死亡<span lang="EN-US">6</span>人，在抢救过程中又死亡<span lang="EN-US">15</span>人，重伤<span lang="EN-US">56</span>人。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">二、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">事故原因分析<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．该氨罐是违章自行改制的压力容器，在改制过程中没有严格按有关规定和技术要求进行。从炸开的焊缝检查，筒体与封头结合部位仍有氧气切割时残留下来的氧化铁没有清除，封头与筒体的焊接部位均没有坡口，焊缝的焊肉薄厚不均，只在表面糊了一层，焊内最薄处仅<span lang="EN-US">2</span>毫米。更不允许的是，在焊缝内实垫了长<span lang="EN-US">1250</span>毫米、直径<span lang="EN-US">6</span>毫米的圆钢，占整个筒体周长的二分之一。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．氨罐改制后，不经技术鉴定和质量检验，也未装安全阀，而以水压试验后就交付使用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．在运输过程中，本应按规定，必须派有经验的、经过训练的技工跟车。虽然行车前讲过注意事项，但行车中漫不经心，多次违章在人众之处停车，氨罐压力升高不及时排放，最后导致超压爆炸。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">三、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">防止同类事故的措施<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．严格执行压力容器安全监察规程和危险品运输的有关规定，对来历不明，无技术资料或资料不全，无合格证明书的设备一律不用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．加强职工的安全技术培训和思想工作，提高他们技术素质和工作责任心，对进行危险性大的工作，必须派熟悉此项技术和责任心强的同志担任。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p>

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