[分享]合成氨厂压缩机爆炸

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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">浙江衢州市合成氨厂压缩机爆炸<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" year="1981"><span lang="EN-US">1981</span>年<span lang="EN-US">5</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日<span lang="EN-US">14</span>时<span lang="EN-US">38</span>分</chsdate>　　其它爆炸）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">一、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">事故概况及经过<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" year="1981"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1981</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">年<span lang="EN-US">5</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日</span></chsdate><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">14</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">时<span lang="EN-US">38</span>分，浙江省衢州市衢州化学工业公司合成氨厂压缩机爆炸，死亡<span lang="EN-US">3</span>人，重伤<span lang="EN-US">1</span>人，轻伤<span lang="EN-US">10</span>人，经济损失<span lang="EN-US">400</span>万元。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">是日<span lang="EN-US">6</span>时<span lang="EN-US">30</span>分，该厂油气化车间<span lang="EN-US">2</span>号油气化炉停车检修，下午<span lang="EN-US">13</span>时检修完毕投油开炉。<span lang="EN-US">14</span>时<span lang="EN-US">20</span>分，变换气合格，送<span lang="EN-US">7</span>号压缩机，按工序送铜洗工段。<span lang="EN-US">14</span>时<span lang="EN-US">33</span>分，铜洗气体合格后送合成，当打开配氮阀约<span lang="EN-US">5</span>分钟后，合成车间即发生爆炸着火。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">爆炸的主要部位在<span lang="EN-US">7</span>号压缩机的主铺机和<span lang="EN-US">3</span>号铜液塔附近的设备管道，<span lang="EN-US">7</span>号压缩机的辅助设备一段回收管、一段缸、一段出口缓冲器、一段出口水冷器、二段进口缓冲器、二段出口缓冲器、二段出口油水分离器和<span lang="EN-US">3</span>号铜液塔进气管三通等<span lang="EN-US">8</span>处都有爆裂口。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">另外，由于爆炸的影响，气体外泄，使<span lang="EN-US">TD</span>总管、<span lang="EN-US">3</span>号铜液塔顶部和底部、<span lang="EN-US">2</span>号碱液塔下部、<span lang="EN-US">6</span>号压缩机进口水封槽等<span lang="EN-US">15</span>处着火燃烧。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">号压缩机一段缸为爆炸中心遭到严重损坏，一段气体出口阀腔、阀腔外壳西侧大部炸飞，其中一气阀阀座炸飞后击穿厂房屋面板飞出室外，一块重约<span lang="EN-US">30</span>千克的缸体碎片飞离原位<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="87" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">87</span>米</chmetcnv>，一段出口缓冲器和二段进出口缓冲器全部炸碎，一段出口水冷器外壳及二段油水分离器等均被炸坏。<span lang="EN-US">6</span>号压缩机一段水封槽体被碎片击破，破洞直径约<span lang="EN-US">400</span>毫米。<span lang="EN-US">8</span>号压缩机二段油水分离器筒体受碎片撞击，打成深<span lang="EN-US">40</span>毫米，直径为<span lang="EN-US">200</span>毫米的凹坑。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">号铜液塔由于内部发生爆炸，塔体下部外径胀大了<span lang="EN-US">73</span>．<span lang="EN-US">5</span>毫米，塑性变形达<span lang="EN-US">6</span>．<span lang="EN-US">7</span>％，爆炸冲力将塔顶盖掀动，缝隙达<span lang="EN-US">10</span>至<span lang="EN-US">30</span>毫米。铜液塔顶部操作平台有一块重<span lang="EN-US">26</span>干克的方形盖板，被炸飞离塔顶远达<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">100</span>米</chmetcnv>．塔体从框架坠落，陷入地下<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>米</chmetcnv>多深，铜液塔气体进口连接高压焊接三通被炸飞一块。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">合成车间主厂房、铜洗厂房以及框架、配电室等建筑物均遭不同程度的破坏，电气仪表装置大部分被烧坏或震坏，门窗、玻璃、石棉瓦等几乎全部被毁。爆炸波及范围半径为<span lang="EN-US">150</span>至<span lang="EN-US">200</span>米，在这半径范围内各建筑物的门窗玻璃均有不同程度的损坏。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">二、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">事故原因分析<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">根据当时情况和记录表明，水洗气中含氧量超标，高达<span lang="EN-US">5</span>～<span lang="EN-US">11</span>．<span lang="EN-US">5</span>％（正常生产要求低于<span lang="EN-US">0</span>．<span lang="EN-US">2</span>％），形成了爆炸性混合气体而引起爆炸。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">造成水洗气中混入氧气的主要原因是在<span lang="EN-US">2</span>号油气化炉停车检修完毕后，进行最后一次充氮，准备投油时，当班操作人员忘记关掉气化炉上<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="32" unitname="毫米"><span lang="EN-US">32</span>毫米</chmetcnv>和<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="毫米"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>毫米</chmetcnv>两只充氮阀门，造成氧蒸汽倒入氮气总管。当合成车间合成工段打开配氮阀后，使氧气进入水洗系统及<span lang="EN-US">7</span>号压缩机，因而导致系统爆炸事故。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">三、<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">防止同类事故的措施<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．油气化充氮与合成配氮应分别由二条总管送气，同一台氮压缩机不得同时向一条总管供气。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．为了保证合成氮气质量，在合成配氮管装微量氧自动分析仪和压力自动调节，控制合成氮管的压力不低于<span lang="EN-US">21</span>公斤／平方厘米（表），以防水洗气倒回，重要操作阀门坚持执行操作票制度。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">．进气化炉高压蒸汽，进变换炉一、二段补充蒸汽管线、气化炉、脱硫、加变的充氮管线等分别加装止逆阀，并对全厂重要岗位的工艺操作规程和安全操作规程进行全面审查、修订。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>

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